文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：长期耕作下黄土高原治沟造地农田土壤质量动态演变机制

英文题名：Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of Farmland Soil Quality Under Long-term Cultivation After the Gully Land Consolidation Project on the Chinese Loess Plateau

作者：邱泽琼 于霞 吴起鑫 曾杰 安艳玲

第一作者：邱泽琼

机构：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025;[2]贵州理工学院资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550003;[3]黄土科学全国重点实验室,西安710061

第一机构：贵州大学资源与环境工程学院喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

年份：2026

卷号：54

期号：3

起止页码：501-508

中文期刊名：地球与环境

外文期刊名：Earth and Environment

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：中国科学院战略性先导项目(B类)项目(XDB4000000);黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLLQG2036);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2024〕一般511);2023年贵州理工学院高层次人才科研启动项目(2023GCC082)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：治沟造地;土壤质量;土壤有机碳;^(14)C年龄;耕作年限

外文关键词：Gully Land Consolidation;soil quality;soil organic carbon;^(14)C age;cultivation years

摘要：黄土高原治沟造地工程缓解了耕地短缺问题,但长期耕作下新造农田土壤质量的演变特征及驱动机制尚不明确。本研究通过测定顾屯流域耕作5~70年(R5~R70)农田0~500 cm剖面土壤的物理性质、有机碳(SOC)含量、储量、组分及其^(14)C年龄,结合方差分析与相关性检验,旨在阐明长期耕作过程中土壤质量的演变机制,为新造农田的科学管理提供科学依据。结果显示:土壤砂粒含量随年限增加显著升高(R5~R60增幅9.4%),而粉粒、黏粒、容重、SOC含量和储量均呈降低趋势。种植经济林苗的农田(R35)土壤容重(1.21 g/cm^(3))和含水量(139.2 g/kg)显著低于玉米田。玉米田SOC含量、储量和活性组分呈“V”型演变,在R15分别损失41%、49%和33.9%,呈现肥力低谷。R70农田土壤SOC以惰性组分主导(占比达70.5%,^(14)C年龄25356年),其生物有效性受到限制;R15农田土壤SOC活性组分逐渐年轻化,但新碳不能被大量稳定储存。研究表明,土壤质量演变受耕作扰动、作物类型及碳组分稳定性共同驱动。在耕作过程中应加强R15前SOC的保护,调控R70后的活性/惰性组分平衡,并探索玉米-经济林镶嵌种植以缓解干旱化风险。
The Gully Land Consolidation Project on the Chinese Loess Plateau has alleviated cropland shortages.However,the evolutionary characteristics and driving mechanisms of soil quality in newly created farmland under long-term cultivation remain unclear.In this study,the soil physical properties,soil organic carbon(SOC)content,storage,fractions,and ^(14)C age across 0-500 cm profiles were measured in farmlands cultivated for 5-70 years(R5-R70)after the Gully Land Consolidation Project in the Gutun watershed.Analysis of variance and correlation tests were conducted.This objective was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying soil quality evolution during long-term cultivation and to provide a scientific basis for managing newly reclaimed farmlands.The results revealed that the sand content increased significantly with cultivation year(9.4% increment from R5-R60),while silt,clay,bulk density,SOC content and storage showed decreasing trends.The soil bulk density(1.21 g/cm^(3))and water content(139.2 g/kg)of the farmland(R35)planted with economic forest seedlings were significantly lower than those of maize fields.The contents,storages and active fractions of SOC in the maize fields demonstrated V-shaped evolution patterns,losing 41%,49% and 33.9% respectively in R15 years,presenting fertility troughs.The R70 farmland showed inert fraction dominance(accounting for 70.5%,with a ^(14)C age of 25,356 years),limiting SOC bioavailability.After R15,the active fractions of SOC gradually become younger,but the new carbon couldn′t be stably stored in large quantities.This study demonstrated that soil quality evolution was jointly driven by tillage disturbance,crop types,and carbon fraction stability.During the tillage process,the SOC preservation before R15 should be strengthened,the active/inert fractions balance after R70 should be regulated,and the interlaced planting of corn-economic forests should be explored to mitigate aridification risks.