文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：西南苗疆走廊明清军屯后裔防御聚落衍化探析

英文题名：Analysis on the Development of Military Settlements of Juntun Descendants of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Miaojiang Corridor

作者：王东

第一作者：王东

机构：[1]贵州理工学院建筑与城市规划学院;[2]清华大学

第一机构：贵州理工学院建筑与城市规划学院

年份：2024

卷号：38

期号：11

起止页码：90-95

中文期刊名：中国名城

外文期刊名：China Ancient City

基金：国家自然科学基金项目“西南苗疆走廊屯堡聚落与防御体系整体性研究”(编号:52168001);贵州省理论创新招标课题“边疆治理视野下明清西南边防工程体系及其屯堡文化的演变与当代价值”(编号:GZLCZB2023-42-1);贵州理工学院高层次人才科研启动项目“乡村振兴背景下‘苗疆走廊’传统村落空间重构问题研究”(编号:XJGC20190959)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：苗疆走廊;屯堡文化;明清军屯后裔;防御聚落;聚落衍化

外文关键词：the Miaojiang Corridor;Tunpu culture;Juntun descendants of Ming and Qing;dynasties defensive settlements;settlements derivation

摘要：苗疆走廊作为我国五大民族走廊之一,是元明清以来内地通往云贵高原的国家官道。明清以来,在国家力量主导下沿苗疆走廊主驿道营建以卫城、所城、屯堡、营城、关隘、哨所等为主的防御聚落。云贵高原的屯堡文化与西南明清军屯后裔防御聚落的形成有深刻的内在逻辑。以屯堡文化为切入点,考察苗疆走廊,发现其沿线存在与明清军事移民有关的“军屯后裔族群”,如“喇叭人(苗)”“穿青人”“隆里老汉人”“屯堡人”等。通过对明清军屯后裔的典型样本分析,阐述苗疆走廊屯堡文化遗产的显性和隐性特征的强弱程度,将屯堡文化区划分为核心区和亚区。根据明清屯堡文化与各少数民族文化互动程度将以贵州为核心的西南苗疆走廊防御聚落分为滇黔交界的彝汉融合型、黔中地区的布汉融合型和湘黔相连区域的苗汉融合型三类,并分析其空间分布规律与衍化特征。通过深化苗疆走廊研究内容,拓展西南屯堡文化的研究视域,为开展明清西南边防遗产保护与活化利用提供科学依据。
The Miaojiang Corridor,one of the five national corridors in China,is a national official road from the inland to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau since the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.Since the Ming and Qing dynasties,the inland military immigrants built defensive settlements along the main post road of the Miaojiang Corridor,which mainly consisted of Weicheng,Suocheng,Tunbao,Yingcheng,passes,posts,et.There is a profound internal logic between Tunpu culture and the formation of military settlements of Juntun descendants of the Ming and Qing dynasties.This paper takes Tunpu culture as the starting point,and finds out that there are"'Juntun descendants groups"related to the military immigration of the Ming and Qing dynasties along the Miaojiang Corridor,such as"Laba people(Miao)","Chuanqing people","Longli old Han people","Tunpu people",etc.By analyzing the typical samples of Juntun descendants of the Ming and Qing dynasties,this paper expounds the degree of dominant and invisible characteristics of Tunpu cultural heritage in the Miaojiang Corridor,and divides Tunpu cultural into core area and sub-area.According to the interaction degree between Tunpu culture and ethnic cultures in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the defense settlements in the Miaojiang Corridor are divided into three categories:"Yi-Han fusion type in Yunnan-Guizhou border area","Bu-Han fusion type in central Guizhou area",and"Miao-Han fusion type in Hunan-Guizhou area".Furthermore,the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics are analyzed.By deepening the research content of the Miaojian Corridor and expanding the research perspective of the Tunpu culture in Southwest China,the author provides a scientific basis for the protection,activation and utilization of the heritage of the Southwest frontier defense during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.