文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Quantitative mathematical modeling, experimental validation, and fitting analysis of bubble nucleation in polymer injection molding foaming

作者：Zeng, Xiangbu Jiang, Tuanhui Li, Shengnan Xing, Jinfu Zhang, Xiaodie Zhang, Chun He, Li Gong, Wei

第一作者：Zeng, Xiangbu

通信作者：He, L[1];Gong, W[2]

机构：[1]Guizhou Univ, Coll Mat & Met, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China;[2]Guizhou Mat Ind Technol Inst, Guiyang 550014, Guizhou, Peoples R China;[3]Guizhou Inst Technol, Sch Mat & Met Engn, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China;[4]Guizhou Minzu Univ, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China

第一机构：Guizhou Univ, Coll Mat & Met, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China

通信机构：corresponding author), Guizhou Univ, Coll Mat & Met, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China;corresponding author), Guizhou Minzu Univ, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China.

年份：2026

卷号：351

外文期刊名：POLYMER

收录：;EI(收录号：20261020216356);Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-105031780535);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001712756100001)】；

基金：Thousand Level Talents of High-Level Innovation Talents Selection and Cultivation Project of Guizhou Province (QCC [2025] 012) , Thousand Level Talents of High-Level Innovation Talents Selection and Cultivation Project of Guizhou Province (QCC [2025] 010) , QianKe-HeRenCai XKBF [2025] 007 are greatly appreciated.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Polymer injection molding foaming; Bubble nucleation; Quantitative modeling; Nucleation kinetics; Nucleation density; Nucleation rate; In situ imaging

摘要：The study of nucleation laws and mechanisms has long been a fundamental topic in both technological development and theoretical research on foamed polymers. Many existing models were established on the basis of classical thermodynamic nucleation theory (CNT) or through its various extensions and modifications. However, current nucleation theories generally describe subcritical bubble nuclei and the distribution of surrounding particles only through qualitative concepts of thermal fluctuations and lack quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution and clustering behavior of gas solutes in the polymer prior to nucleus formation. In the present study, based on the fundamental principles governing polymer injection molding foaming, high-speed in situ imaging at 2000 fps was employed to observe the formation of a large number of bubbles within an extremely short time interval. Three physical assumptions were proposed, from which a physically meaningful quantitative mathematical framework, the nucleation model (N-t model), was developed. The formation and growth of bubbles were governed by the continuous diffusion of gas molecules into the bubble nucleus; therefore, the local state of gas molecules surrounding the nucleus exerted a dominant influence on both nucleation and growth behavior. Based on the core physical assumption that fluctuation-induced aggregation of gas molecules followed a logistic function statistical law and the probability of a bubble nucleus overcoming the energy barrier follows the classical Boltzmann statistical law, the N-t model accurately described the evolution of bubble density with time during polymer injection molding, foaming, and quantitatively determined the corresponding nucleation rate. Unlike the steady-state nucleation rate predicted by CNT, the nucleation rate (exponential decay function) obtained here decreased progressively with time. The quantitative reliability of the proposed model was further confirmed for multiple polymer systems and under different processing conditions. The present work provided new insight into the physical essence of bubble nucleation and introduced an effective theoretical tool for quantitative analysis of nucleation behavior and process optimization in polymer foaming.